Temperature measurement is essential in industrial processes, laboratories, and electronic applications. For this purpose, a variety of sensors are used, each with specific characteristics regarding accuracy, temperature range, stability, and cost. Among the most common are Type J and Type K thermocouples, PT100 and NI120 resistance sensors, and PTC sensors.

1. Type J Thermocouple

The Type J thermocouple is composed of two metals: iron (Fe) and constantan (Cu-Ni).

Typical range: –40°C to 750°C
Advantages: low cost, fast response, and suitable for dry, non-oxidizing environments.
Disadvantages: iron oxidizes easily, reducing lifespan at high temperatures.

2. Type K Thermocouple

Type K is the most widely used thermocouple in industry, made of chromel (Ni-Cr) and alumel (Ni-Al).

Typical range: –200°C to 1,260°C
Advantages: wide operating range, good stability, and low cost.
Disadvantages: less accurate than resistance sensors and sensitive to reducing atmospheres.

3. PT100 (Platinum RTD)

The PT100 is a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) made of platinum with a nominal resistance of 100 Ω at 0°C.

Typical range: –200°C to 600°C
Advantages: high accuracy, excellent repeatability, and long-term stability.
Disadvantages: higher cost and requires more sophisticated measurement circuits.

4. NI120

The NI120 is a nickel RTD with a nominal resistance of 120 Ω at 0°C.

Typical range: –80°C to 260°C
Advantages: lower cost than PT100 and high sensitivity within its working range.
Disadvantages: lower linearity and stability compared to PT100.

5. PTC Sensors

PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) sensors are resistors whose resistance increases significantly with temperature.

Typical range: varies depending on the material, generally –50°C to 150°C
Advantages: robust, inexpensive, and widely used for thermal protection in motors and electronics.
Disadvantages: non-linear and not highly accurate for precise measurement; more commonly used as detectors rather than exact measuring devices.

General Summary

• Thermocouples (J and K): wide range, fast response, lower accuracy.
• RTDs (PT100 and NI120): high accuracy and stability; widely used in industrial quality control.
• PTC: ideal for thermal protection, not for high-precision measurement.

Depending on the application, temperature sensors may feature a welded tip for internal measurement of electrical heaters, a metallic probe (bulb) for measuring the heated product, or a threaded head for installation in tanks to measure container temperature.

Sensors can also be supplied with different cable types:

• Teflon cable (up to 260°C)
• Fiberglass cable (up to 450°C)
• Metal braided cable (up to 700°C)

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We supply products that require direct contact during operation, such as Heated Hoses, as well as products that typically do not require continuous handling, such as Surface Heaters, Drum Heaters, Pipe Heaters, and IBC Heaters.

However, even though most of our products are designed to minimize direct contact, operators may occasionally need to handle equipment while it is still hot. For this reason, the use of Thermal Gloves is essential to ensure safe handling and prevent burns.

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High-Temperature Thermal Gloves are knitted with thermal yarn and coated with latex, providing enhanced protection against thermal hazards when handling our equipment.

When necessary, Thermal Gloves can be used together with Thermal Sleeves to reinforce worker protection. The level of protection required will depend on the specific application and process conditions.

Our Thermal Sleeves are manufactured from grafatex with aramid fiber, seamless construction, overlock finishing, and adjustable Velcro closure.

They are designed to provide excellent resistance to cuts and high temperatures while remaining soft and comfortable during use. This equipment is lightweight, durable, and highly resistant.

Thermal Gloves are typically recommended for:

• Handling Heated Hoses
• Operating high-temperature equipment such as:
  • Electric Ovens
  • Industrial Drying Ovens
  • Heat Press Machines

Even when equipment includes insulation layers, operators working at high temperatures must wear Thermal Gloves to ensure safety.

Both Thermal Gloves and Thermal Sleeves are designed for dry operations only.

They must not come into contact with liquids or water, as moisture can compromise their thermal properties and reduce their protective performance.

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